【History and Legend】 Humans and Animals- Chapter 4: Imaginary Travel ~ Nine-tailed Fox Loves to Travel
因為牠（九尾狐）沒有辦法替自己說話，所以一直背負著被醜化的罪名，只好去流浪旅行。
Because it (nine-tailed Fox) couldn't speak for itself, it had been charged with being vilified and had to wander here and there.
【小故事1】九尾狐為愛旅行
在古代，九尾狐是好的，而且是被神化的圖騰動物；到漢代以後，漸漸被醜化。
第一段旅行─南天竺（現代的印度）
南天竺指的是現代印度的東北方。
推測從印度除了佛教、武術、甘蔗，也把傳說中的動物和故事帶進了中原。
甘蔗部分：蔗糖起源於古印度（約8000年前），印度的製糖方式，將甘蔗榨出甘蔗汁，用柴火燒製濃稠，將水分蒸發，變成黑糖塊。
在甘蔗糖傳入中原以前，中原食用的糖料只有蜂蜜和麥芽糖（飴糖）。
漢朝（約西元前200年～西元200年）已出現砂糖。
唐朝（約西元600年～900年）時，唐太宗派人到摩揭陀國，取得甘蔗製糖製作（黑糖）的技術，在整個東北亞及東南亞發展開來。
北宋時（約西元900年～1100年）開始製作冰糖。
中原出現甘蔗種植：福建、四川、廣東、浙江。
【Small story 1】 Nine-tailed Fox Travels for Love
In ancient times, the nine-tailed fox was a good and deified totem animal; after the Han Dynasty, it was gradually vilified.
The First Part of the Trip-South Tianzhu (Modern India)
Southern Tianzhu refers to the northeast of modern India.
It is speculated that in addition to Buddhism, martial arts, and sugar cane, India also brought legendary animals and stories into the Central Plains.
Sugarcane: Cane sugar originated in ancient India (about 8000 years ago). To make cane sugar, the Indian used sugarcane to extract sugarcane juice and burn it with firewood to thicken it. The water evaporated and turned into brown sugar cubes.
Before the introduction of cane sugar into the Central Plains, the only sugar consumed by the Central Plains were honey and maltose (malt sugar).
Sugar appeared in the Han Dynasty (approximately 200 BC to 200 AD).
During the Tang Dynasty (approximately AD 600-900), the Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty sent people to Magadha to obtain the method of the sugar cane (brown sugar) production, which was developed throughout Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia.
During the Northern Song Dynasty (approximately 900 to 1100 AD), rock candy was made.
Sugarcane planting appeared in the Central Plains, including Fujian, Sichuan, Guangdong, Zhejiang.
甘蔗（糖）的旅行地圖
Cane (sugar) travel map
【小常識】甘蔗會開花嗎？
【Interesting to Know】 Does sugarcane bloom?
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原來甘蔗開花長的像這樣，有些區域會在甘蔗開花前採收甘蔗製糖，有些區域在開花後才採收製糖。
It turns out that sugarcane blooms like this. In some areas, sugarcane is harvested before it blooms to make sugar, and in some areas, sugar cane is harvested to make sugar after it blooms.
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PS：一般甘蔗分綠皮和紫皮，綠皮甘蔗的蔗糖含量高，常被用來製糖；紫皮甘蔗的口感較綠皮甘蔗清甜，所以經常被直接食用。
update:2018/4/18
武術部分：傳說有一個印度來的武僧，經過少林寺，看到和尚被欺負，心裡有所不忍，決定教他們一套武術，可以保護自己、也可以鍛鍊身體。武術後來也慢慢發揚光大，變成現在的少林寺武功。
傳說的動物部分：最早九尾狐出現在印度，化身成一位美麗的女子，也是南天竺（古印度摩揭陀國Magadha）太子的王妃，她要太子用一千條人命祭祀大黑天。（這是真的嗎？）可能被誤會的牠（九尾狐）最後被迫流亡，開始了第一段旅行，從印度流亡到了中原。
PS: Generally, sugarcane is divided into green peel and purple peel. Green peeled sugarcane is high in sucrose and is often used to make sugar; purple peeled sugarcane has a sweeter taste than green peeled sugarcane, so it is often eaten directly.
update: 18/4/2018
About martial arts: Legend has it that a monk from India passed through Shaolin Temple and saw that the monk was bullied. He couldn't bear it and decided to teach them a set of martial arts, which can protect themselves and build up bodies. Martial arts then gradually developed and became the Shaolin Temple martial arts nowadays.
About the animal: the first nine-tailed fox was found in India and transformed into a beautiful woman, who was also the princess of the prince of Southern Tianzhu (Magadha, ancient India). She wanted the prince to sacrifice a thousand lives to the Great Dark Sky. (Was this true?) It (the nine-tailed fox), which might be misunderstood, was eventually forced into exile and embarked on the first journey from India to the Central Plains.
【行程】
［北印度之旅］
［天竺歷史之旅］
第二段旅行－陸路旅行（健行旅行到中原）
傳說九尾狐到了中原，變成商朝（位於現在的河南）紂王寵妃妲己，隨著商朝的滅亡，九尾狐再度背上被醜化的罪名，開始流亡的第二段旅行。
The Second Part of the journey - The Land Travel (going to the Central Plains by hiking travel)
The Nine-tailed Fox became Daji, who was the favorite consort of King Zhou of Shang in the Shang dynasty (nowadays Henan) in ancient China when the fox had arrived in the Central Plain. The Nine-tailed Fox was vilified again following the fall of the Shang dynasty. The second travel into exile started for the Nine-tailed Fox.
第三段旅行－海路旅行（搭船旅行到日本）
傳說一：
在中國流亡旅行的九尾狐，跟著遣唐使搭船來到了日本。在平安時代（位於現代的京都與奈良），被武士夫婦收養長大。由於才貌出眾，因緣際會被選入日本宮中，深受鳥羽天皇的寵愛。不久之後，皇帝卻突然重病不起，大臣們開始怪罪她，後來請出陰陽師，可能被誤會的九尾狐最後被迫離開平安京。
傳說二：
在日本栃木縣的溫泉區，有一顆火山岩被稱作「殺死石」。
九尾狐在離開後，留下的怨念變成有毒的岩石；直到一個祭司把石頭打碎成三塊，一塊飛往「會津」（日本福島），一塊飛往「備前」（日本岡山），最後一塊留在原地。
事實上這個毒氣是位於火山口噴出的有毒氣體，間接造成了當地草木不生的特殊景象。可能被誤會的九尾狐又多了一個罪名，大家說著她的怨氣讓這裡草木不生。
update:2018/4/18
PS：我們感覺這趟旅行很感傷，九尾狐因為失戀，又背負了三次被醜化的罪名，牠決定去旅行，默默地離開這三個讓牠傷心的地方。
The Third Part of the journey - The sea travel (going to Japan by ships)
The legend -1
The Nine-tailed Fox (the following as she), who was in exile traveling in China, went to Japan with Japanese missions to Tang China by a ship. The Nine-tailed Fox was adopted by a couple of samurai in the Heian period and grow up. (Nowadays, Kyoto and Nara) She was selected to the palace of Japan on predestination due to her outstanding talent and appearance, the most favored woman of Emperor Toba. Soon after, the Emperor was extremely ill and his courtiers began to blame on her. They hired an onmyōji (a yin-and-yang master). Finally, the Nine-tailed Fox, who might be misunderstood, was forced to leave the Peacefull capital.
The legend -2
There is a volcanic rock called "Killing Stone" (Sessho-Seki) in the hot spring area of Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.
She left the grudge behind to become a toxic stone after the Nine-tailed Fox had left. Until, a Buddhist monk had broken the stone into three pieces which of them one flew to Aizu (Fukushima Prefecture, Japan), another to Bizen (Okayama Prefecture, Japan), the other stayed there.
In fact, this toxic gas comes from the local volcano that indirectly causes this local land without any living plants.
update:2018/4/18
PS：We thought this journey was very sad. The Nine-tailed Fox had heartbroken and also had three vilified; hence, it decided to travel. Leave silently these three places that made it sad.
【小常識】遣唐使是什麼？
答：一群日本人搭著船，旅行去唐朝，去學習唐朝文化與技藝等。
遣＝日本朝廷派遣
唐＝往唐朝
使＝使節團
【行程】
［日本深度歷史之旅］
【Easy General knowledge】What was Japan with ''Japanese missions to Tang China''?
Ans: A crowd of Japanese traveled to the Tang Dynasty to learn from the culture and skills of the Tang Dynasty by ships.
【TOUR】
第四段旅行－想像的旅行（游泳爬山到朝鮮半島）
The Fourth Part of the journey - Imaginary Travel (Swimming and climbing to the Korea Peninsula)
我們推測九尾狐離開傷心地後，化悲憤為力量，牠游泳渡過了鴨綠江，健行爬山到北緯38度，到了朝鮮半島。
We supposed after the Nine-tailed Fox had left the sad place and channeled its anger into power, it swam through the Yalu River and climbed to the 38th parallel. Arrived at the Korean Peninsula.
九尾狐遇到人蔘，訴說牠的傷心往事，跟人蔘聊人生
The Nine-tailed Fox had met a ginseng and talked to its sorrowful past, chatted about the life.
所以現代在韓國出現了很多九尾狐的故事，有的可愛天真無邪，有的孤苦無依，有的被人類欺負，最後也會反擊。
【行程】
［韓國之旅］
【趣味】猜猜看，九條尾巴是多少年？
九尾狐是古代傳說中的動物，傳說牠活到多少年後，就會分成 2 條尾巴？而 9 條尾巴是極限，象徵著不死之身。有強大的法力，能變化人類的樣貌。
（1）160 ~ 180 年（2）800 ~ 900 年（3）8000 ~ 9000 年（4）2500 ~ 4000 年
答案：以上皆是。因為傳說有各種不同的算法，
20 年 一條 = 160 ~ 180 年
100 年 一條 = 800 ~ 900 年
1000 年 一條 = 8000 ~ 9000 年
500 年 兩條 = 2500 ~ 4000 年
Therefore, there are many stories about the Nine-tailed Fox in Korea now of which are some naive, some lonely, and some hurt by humans. But sometimes also can fight back.
【TOUR】
【Interesting】Guess, how many years are nine tails?
The Nine-tailed Fox was an animal in the ancient legend. How many years after its living when its tail would be divided into two? Moreover, the nine tails were the limits and symbolized immortality. Had strong power to transform into a human shape.
（1）160 ~ 180 years （2）800 ~ 900 years（3）8000 ~ 9000 years（4）2500 ~ 4000 years
Ans, all of the above. Because every legend has a variety of calculations.
A tail of 20 years = 160 ~ 180 years
A tail of 100 years = 800 ~ 900 years
A tail of 1000 years = 8000 ~ 9000 years
Two tails of 500 years = 2500 ~ 4000 years
【人蔘的傳說】北緯38度的旅行
【傳說 1】傳說人蔘會變成孩童？
一個常旅行和採草藥在山區的長輩說了一個這樣的故事：從前有一個小和尚在森林玩，遇到一個小孩，他們變成了好朋友，每天都會在一起玩。老和尚發現小和尚精神越來越不好，偷偷跟著小和尚，發現和小和尚一起玩的小孩是人蔘變的；由於人蔘會吸取天、地、人的精華，所以小和尚的精神慢慢變不好。小和尚知道老和尚決定去抓人蔘，事先跑去告訴人蔘，最後人蔘傷心的和小和尚告別後離開了這座森林，後來老和尚也沒抓到人蔘。
【傳說 2】人蔘會跑？
傳說人蔘不會固定在同一地點。所以採蔘人會把一條紅線綁在人蔘的葉莖上當作記號，下一次發現人蔘出現的位置不一樣。
【小常識】在中國和韓國，採人蔘的條件和方法不一樣
有一次，我們異想天開，想安排採人蔘體驗，結果被拒絕了，原來不是每一個人都可以進山採人蔘，這是需要專業性的工作。
在韓國，只有在北緯38度的位置才會有人蔘。採人蔘一定要是男生才可以，必須全身白衣白褲，而且先做祭祀活動，在山上淨身完，才能開始採人蔘。
在中國，人蔘長在長白山地區；在清朝時候，嚴禁外人進入。只有當地山民，世代延續守護進山採蔘，小組人數必須是單數，進山之前，要先舉行祭拜。採蔘路途十分艱難，過程會遇到毒蛇猛獸。挖掘到人蔘後，不能壓斷任何一根人蔘的根鬚，也需要極大耐心與細心。
【行程】
【小故事 2】白面狐神從天上到人間的旅行
愛上人類的白面狐神
有一次，我們在九州鄉下的一個慶典上，看到非常逗趣的舞蹈，導遊說了一個這樣的故事。
從前在一個小村莊裡，住著一對夫妻，妻子是全村裡最美麗的女子。他們生活美滿，唯一遺憾是沒有孩子。
某一天，妻子為了祈求生子，帶著供品到神社祭拜。白面狐神的使者偷偷把供品吃掉。白面狐神非常生氣，變成白面狐狸來到人間。
當白面狐神看到美麗的妻子，竟愛上了她。就開始手舞足蹈地跳舞引誘她。
先生為了帶回妻子，也跳起一種非常逗趣的舞蹈，與神明一決勝負。（這是日本古代的尬舞嗎？）
【The legend of ginseng】The travel of the 38the parallel.
【The legend -1】Does a ginseng transform into a child in legend?
An elder, who often travels and picks herbs on the mountain, said such a story. Once up a time, a little monk met a child when he had played in the forest. They became good friends and played together every day. The old monk secretly followed the little monk when he had found the little monk's energy was getting worse. He found the child, who played with the little monk, was transformed from a ginseng. Ginseng would absorb the essence of the sky, earth, humans so the little monk's energy was getting worse. The little monk had known the old monk decided to catch the ginseng and told the ginseng in advance. Lastly, the ginseng had sadly said goodbye to the little monk and left this forest. In the end, the old monk did not catch the ginseng.
【The legend -2】Does a ginseng run around?
Ginseng would not be in a fixed place in the legend. Therefore, people who dig ginseng use a red thread to tie at the stem of ginseng as a mark. It will find that the ginseng appears in a different location.
【Easy General knowledge】The factors and methods of digging ginsengs are different between China and Korea.
Once, our flight of fancy was to arrange the experience of digging ginseng. And we were being refused. Not everyone could go into the mountains to dig ginseng. This work needs a professional.
Ginsengs only appear at the 38th parallel in Korea. Digging ginseng must be males and wear white clothes and pants. Before starting work must have worship and cleanse on the mountain.
Ginsengs are grown up at Paektu Mountain in China. Outsiders were strictly prohibited to enter during the Qing Dynasty. Only the local villagers who protect here from generation to generation can enter to dig ginseng. The group of digging ginseng must be odd members. It has worship before entering the mountain. The digging process is tough because there are venomous snakes and wild beasts. Any fine roots (tail) of every ginseng can not be broken after digging out ginseng, and it must have plenty of patience and carefulness.
【TOUR】
［Tour in Paektu Mountain of northeast China. ］
【The little story -2】The white-faced fox deity's travel from heaven to earth.
The white-faced fox deity fell in love with a human.
Once, we saw a funny dance at a festival in a small town, Kyushu, Japan. The tour guide told such a story.
Once upon a time, there was a couple who lived in a small village, and the wife was the most beautiful woman. They had a happy life, but the only regret was that they have no child.
One day, the wife brought some offerings to worship in the shrine in order to pray for the birth of a child. The messenger of the white-faced fox deity secretly ate the offerings. The white-faced fox deity was angry; thus, he transformed into a white-faced fox to the human world.
The white-faced fox deity had seen the beautiful wife and fell in love with her. The deity started to lure her by dancing.
The husband danced another funny one for bringing back his wife. The husband danced another funny one for bringing back his wife; hence, he had a competition with the deity. (Had this dance-off on stage in ancient Japan?)
村裡的人們看到逗趣的舞蹈，也紛紛加入跳舞的行列。
The villagers saw that funny dance and one after another joined this dance.
全村的人們都加入了跳舞的行列，他們一個接著一個，消失在濃濃的迷霧裡。
All villagers had joined this dance one by one and disappeared into the dense fog.
最後白面狐神決定不帶走美麗的妻子，並溫暖地守護全部村民與這對夫妻。他們順利有了孩子，村莊也一直非常繁盛地持續下去……。
【行程】
［日本九州跳島之旅］
【小常識】狐狸是如何抓到躲在雪地裡的獵物呢？
狐狸在冬天雪地裡覓食，會突然高高地跳起，然後一頭栽進雪堆裡，最後成功獵物。
科學家發現，狐狸可以藉由感應地球磁場的能力，知道牠與獵物之間的距離，所以能夠在看不見獵物的雪地裡，順利捕獲。
In the end, the white-faced fox deity decided to not take the beautiful wife. Moreover, the deity warmly protected all villagers and this couple. The couple also had a child, and the village was continuing prosperity.
【TOUR】
［Island hopping tour in Kyushu, Japan.］
【Easy General knowledge】How do foxes hunt the prey who hide in the snow?
Suddenly a fox leaps into the air and dive-bombs straight down into the snow when it foraged on the snow in winter. And succeeded to catch the prey.
The sciences found foxes can perceive utilizing Earth’s magnetic field to know the distance between the prey and itself. Therefore, it can succeed to hunt in the snow where are badly see any prey.
【to be continue … 待續】
2017/12/26
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